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Abstract
Adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated signalling is modulated by oxygen levels. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are crucial for intracellular oxygen sensing and organism survival. However, it remains to be clarified whether or how PHDs are involved in the regulation of β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) signalling. Here we show that PHD2 can modulate the rate of β2-AR internalization through interactions with β-arrestin 2. PHD2 hydroxylates β-arrestin 2 at the proline (Pro)176, Pro179 and Pro181 sites, which retards the recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to the plasma membrane and inhibits subsequent co-internalization with β2-AR into the cytosol. β2-AR internalization is critical to control the temporal and spatial aspects of β2-AR signalling. Identifying novel regulators of β2-AR internalization will enable us to develop new strategies to manipulate receptor signalling and provide potential targets for drug development in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with β2-AR signalling dysregulation.
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