Prolonged Inhalation Exposure to Coal Dust on Irradiated Rats and Consequences.

Laura Chulenbayeva,Symbat Kabdykanov,Samat Kozhakhmetov,Ayaulym Nurgozhina,Oralbek Ilderbayev,Almagul Kushugulova,Dametken Suleymeneva,Madiyar Nurgaziyev,Shynggys Sergazy,Aizhan Kaliyeva,Ahmad Mansour

doi:10.1155/2022/8824275

Laura Chulenbayeva, Symbat Kabdykanov + Show 9 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8824275

Copy DOI

Abstract

The purposes of this study were to research immune system changes and liver and lung tissues in irradiated rats after prolonged exposure to coal dust. A study was carried out on 30 male Wistar rats that were divided into 3 groups: group I, intact animals; group II, exposure to coal dust and 0.2 Gy γ-irradiation; and group III, combined exposure to 6 Gy γ-irradiation and coal dust. The combination of a low and sublethal dose of γ-irradiation with coal dust leads to a significant change in immunity at the remote period. Particularly, the increase in radioactivity at the combined effect causes weakening of phagocytosis, and reduction in T lymphocytes by a factor of 2, immunoglobulin imbalance, and cytokine dysfunction develop secondary immune failure. During prolonged inhalation with coal dust of irradiated animals with the dose of 0.2 Gy, fibrosis and perivascular sclerosis of the bronchial wall of the lungs are formed, and perivascular fibrosis is formed in the liver. The increase in exposure dose up to 6 Gy in combination with coal, in the distant period, caused pulmonary hypertension amid hypertrophy of light arterial vessels and fibrous changes in arteriole, and destructive changes and collection necrosis develop in liver parenchyma. In the case of dust radiation synergy, the increase in doses leads to a significant immune deficiency, which occurs according to the “dose effect” principle; increases damage to animal tissues; and leads to liver tissue necrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary hypertension.

Highlights

In the modern reality of our country, one of the most important and pressing issues is to study the consequences of 40-year (1949–1989) nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site [1]
Experiments were conducted on 30 white male laboratory rats of the Wister line, weighing 220 ± 20 g, which were divided into 3 groups: group I—intact animals, group II—animals exposed to single dose of 0.2 Gy of c-radiation, subsequently inhaled coal dust of an average concentration of 50 mg/m3, and group III—animals exposed single dose of 6 Gy of c-radiation, subsequently inhaled coal dust of an average concentration of 50 mg/m3. e experiment was conducted in accordance with ethical standards, according to a meeting of the local ethics committee (Protocol of the Local Ethics Committee of Semey State Medical University, Kazakhstan, No 2 dated 18.11.2016)
We investigated a subpopulation of lymphocytes and cytokine production in the peripheral blood of rats after combined and separate exposure to coal dust and sublethal c-ionizing radiation in the long term

Summary

Introduction

In the modern reality of our country, one of the most important and pressing issues is to study the consequences of 40-year (1949–1989) nuclear explosions at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site [1] As it is well known, throughout many years, the impact of radiation after the repeated explosions has caused instability of ecological, sanitary, medical, and biological conditions of almost all regions of East Kazakhstan and a significant territory of Karaganda and Pavlodar regions (Kazakhstan) [2,3,4]. Prolonged inhalation causes metabolic disorders, immune system dysfunctions, cytotoxic anomalies, and changes in lung tissue structure. All this leads to respiratory diseases [8,9,10]

Methods

Results

Conclusion