Abstract
BACKGROUND: One of the promising types of radiation therapy for colon malignant neoplasms is electron irradiation. AIM: Morphological assessment of apoptosis and proliferation of animals’ colon epithelium after local fractional irradiation with electrons in a total focal dose of 25 Gy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Wistar rats were used, which were divided into two groups: the first — control (n=10); the second — experimental (n=20). Animals of the experimental group were subjected to local fractional irradiation with electrons in a total focal dose of 25 Gy (in fractions of 5 Gy on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th day of irradiation). Fragments of the colon were examined by light microscopy, immunohistochemical reactions were carried out with antibodies to Ki-67 and Cas3. The wall thickness and the diameter of the serous-mucous membrane were measured and calculated in micrometers. Morphological changes were evaluated in points. The results were assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test and Fisher's test. RESULTS: Macroscopic examination of the colon of rats in the experimental group revealed hyperemia of the mucous membrane without significant destructive changes. Microscopic examination revealed minor damage to the mucous membrane of the colon compared to the control group, a reduction in goblet cells (63.17±1.87% versus 21.64±1.37%, p=0.009) was noted. The number of caspase-3-positive epithelial cells increased (28.7±8.2% versus 14.5±3.9%, p=0.027). The proliferative index (Ki-67) in the intestinal crypts of the colon after local electron irradiation with a total focal dose of 25 Gy was reduced compared to the control group (11.14±6.23% versus 19.45±5.12%, p=0.013). CONCLUSION: With local fractional electron irradiation of rats in a total focal dose of 25 Gy, weak degenerative and dystrophic changes in the epithelium, reduction of goblet cells with preservation of regenerative potential occur in the colon.
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