Proliferation and Apoptosis Pathways and Factors in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Shoba Ranganathan,Steven He,Rajdeep Chakraborty

doi:10.3390/ijms23031562

Abstract

Oral cancer is the most common form of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and most frequently presents as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is associated with an alarmingly high mortality rate. Internationally, a plethora of research to further our understanding of the molecular pathways related to oral cancer is performed. This research is of value for early diagnosis, prognosis, and the investigation of new drugs that can ameliorate the harmful effects of oral cancer and provide optimal patient outcomes with minimal long-term complications. Two pathways on which the progression of OSCC depends on are those of proliferation and apoptosis, which overlap at many junctions. Herein, we aim to review these pathways and factors related to OSCC progression. Publicly available search engines, PubMed and Google Scholar, were used with the following keywords to identify relevant literature: oral cancer, proliferation, proliferation factors, genes, mutations, and tumor suppressor. We anticipate that the use of information provided through this review will further progress translational cancer research work in the field of oral cancer.

Highlights

Oral cancer is the most common head and neck malignancy with an estimated 34,864 new global cases in 2018 rising to 377,713 in 2020, more than doubling the 185,976 number cases observed in 1990 and demonstrating its rapidly increasing prevalence [1,2,3]
As evidenced by the previously mentioned prevalence, oral cancer risk is exacerbated in Melanesia and Southcentral Asia due to the traditional chewing of areca nuts, which are used in the preparation of betel quid, a substance identified as a Group
We have aggregated findings from recently published literature to serve as a quick point of reference for the perturbations in canonical proliferation and apoptotic pathways in Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Summary

Introduction

Oral cancer is the most common head and neck malignancy with an estimated 34,864 new global cases in 2018 rising to 377,713 in 2020, more than doubling the 185,976 number cases observed in 1990 and demonstrating its rapidly increasing prevalence [1,2,3]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, accounting for 90% of all oral cancers [4], with an estimated 5-year overall survival rate of only approximately 50% [2,5]. As evidenced by the previously mentioned prevalence, oral cancer risk is exacerbated in Melanesia and Southcentral Asia due to the traditional chewing of areca nuts ( known as betel nut), which are used in the preparation of betel quid, a substance identified as a Group

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Conclusion