Progressive Vascular Calcification With Necrosis of Extremities in Hemodialysis Patients: A Possible Role of Iron Overload

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Progressive vascular calcification with ischemia and gangrene of the extremities occurs rarely in uremic patients, patients undergoing maintenance dialysis, and following renal transplantation. In this paper we present two additional patients on chronic hemodialysis who developed this syndrome in association with severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. Fulminant gangrene led to the death of the first patient, while in the second, multiple amputations had to be performed after parathyroidectomy. In both patients, evidence of iron overload due to multiple blood transfusions was present and iron was histologically demonstrated in a calcification area in one case. The possibility of iron overload as a "challenger" for systemic calciphylaxis is discussed.