Abstract
Brief historical comments regarding pump development for the Controlled Thermonuclear Research Programme at Livermore are given. These, together with comments on the limitations of cryogenic, getter, ionic and momentum transfer pumping methods provide an explanation for the continuing interest in diffusion pumps. In order to understand the relative merits of pumps a definition of pumping speed efficiency is quoted. This definition assumes that the business of any pump is to take gas away from a chamber. Any vacuum pump therefore begins its existence in the plane of a chamber wall by utilizing wall area. Speed efficiency is then the ratio of two rates: the observed rate at which gas is removed from a chamber divided by the calculated rate gas arrives at the projected area occupied by the pump. A design criteria for diffusion pump sets is outlined. Optimized valve-trap-vapor jet designs are discussed. Separate test results of blocking plate stainless steel valves, ribbon heaters, jet designs and pump working fluids are given. In conclusion, the future operation of a complete pump set is outlined.
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