Abstract
Graphene, a novel form of the hexagonal honeycomb two-dimensional carbon-based structural material with a zero-band gap and ultra-high specific surface area, has unique optoelectronic capabilities, promising a suitable basis for its application in the field of optical fiber sensing. Graphene optical fiber sensing has also been a hotspot in cross-research in biology, materials, medicine, and micro-nano devices in recent years, owing to prospective benefits, such as high sensitivity, small size, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability and so on. Here, the progress of optical fiber biochemical sensors based on graphene is reviewed. The fabrication of graphene materials and the sensing mechanism of the graphene-based optical fiber sensor are described. The typical research works of graphene-based optical fiber biochemical sensor, such as long-period fiber grating, Bragg fiber grating, no-core fiber and photonic crystal fiber are introduced, respectively. Finally, prospects for graphene-based optical fiber biochemical sensing technology will also be covered, which will provide an important reference for the development of graphene-based optical fiber biochemical sensors.
Highlights
CVD synthesizes graphene by the chemical decomposition material carbontempersource ature under a certain vacuum, and causing the silicon atoms to evaporate and the remaining under a certain temperature or in an external field and deposition on the substrate surface carbon atoms to form graphene based on the silicon carbide (SiC) substrate
They studied the combination of three materials as the plasmonic nano-film of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-photonic crystal fiber (PCF), and the results demonstrated that grapheneassisted PCF has the best comprehensive performance, with an average sensitivity of 2320 nm RIU−1 and a maximum amplitude sensitivity of 192 RIU−1 in the refractive index range of 1.27–1.37 in the internal filling detection scheme; the maximum sensitivity is
The widespread application of graphene-based commercial fiber biochemical sensors still faces challenges, and the following key issues need to be solved: Firstly, the current research on graphene is still limited to theories and laboratories-the existing preparation methods of graphene are not perfect enough
Summary
As one of the 2D-layered nanomaterials, can be synthesized in two techniques: top-down exfoliation and bottom-up growth. The top-down method, including the mechanical exfoliation method, liquid phase exfoliation technique and oxidation-reduction method (redox), is used to prepare single or few-layer 2D nanomaterials by destroying the van der Waals forces between the layers of 2D materials. The bottom-up method is the synthesis of 2D nanomaterials at the molecular level by chemical means, including chemical vapor deposition, epitaxial growth method, hydrothermal method, and pulsed magnetron sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, etc. Researchers synthesized a variety of layered materials by using these methods. For the application of optical fiber sensors, graphene is expected to have large area, uniform thickness, and smooth surface. We made a detailed introduction on two common methods from each of the synthesis methods
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