Abstract
Flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is widely used as a cushioning material for furniture and transportation seats, as well as a sound insulation material, anti-vibration material, and packaging material because of its low density, high specific strength, good elasticity, sound absorption, and breathability. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of FPUF without flame-retardant treatment is only about 14–18%, which is flammable and produces a substantial quantity of toxic gases when burning. In recent years, there has been a lack of reviews on FPUF flame retardant research. This paper reviews the most recent research advancements in FPUF flame retardant in recent years, introduces the pyrolysis characteristics of FPUF, and introduces the flame retardant mechanism of FPUF from four aspects, namely, gas-phase flame retardant, condensed-phase flame retardant, synergistic flame retardant, and flame retardant by interrupting heat exchange. It comprehensively summarises the flame retardant treatment of FPUF by adding additive flame retardants containing elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen, and reactive flame retardants with single-component and multi-component composite, besides some innovative flame retardant technologies for surface coating. The important research directions and key challenges for the prospective advancement of flame-retardant FPUF are also prospected in terms of flame-retardant mechanism, polyurethane foam properties, flame-retardant modification design, and environmental protection of raw materials.
Published Version
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