Abstract
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and of raw materials for practical applications in technology and biomedicine. The use of marine natural products as multifunctional biomaterials is currently undergoing a renaissance in the modern materials science. The diversity of marine biomaterials, their forms and fields of application are highlighted in this review. We will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern marine biomaterialogy using a thorough analysis of scientific sources over the past ten years.
Highlights
Humanity has been using marine biomaterials since ancient times, but reaching an industrial level today has become real thanks to the rapid development of various kinds of processing technologies and maricultures
Another application of crustacean shells was shown in a recent research of Las Heras et al [53] who described the generation of chitin-containing sponge like scaffolds, which were biocompatible with human mesenchymal stromal cells, representing a high potential for biomedical technologies, in particular, for tissue engineering
What was recently referred to as processed marine biological waste is considered raw material for the production of biomaterials, which differ from their synthetic analogs in biocompatibility and possess excellent biodegradability
Summary
Humanity has been using marine biomaterials since ancient times (i.e., molluscan shells, corals, bath sponges skeletons, byssus threads), but reaching an industrial level today has become real thanks to the rapid development of various kinds of processing technologies and maricultures. Mar. Drugs 2020, 18, 589 important parameters characterizing a particular biomaterial, we took the liberty of presenting a part of information in the form of so-called “Biomaterial passports” (see Tables 1–13). Drugs 2020, 18, 589 important parameters characterizing a particular biomaterial, we took the liberty of presenting a part of information in the form of so-called “Biomaterial passports” (see Tables 1–13) This form includes scientific name, chemical formula, molecular weight, physicochemical and material properties, extraction methods, market and patent situation of corresponding biological materials discussed in this article. We strongly believe that numerous open questions raised in this review will inspire a younger generation of experts in marine biology, biochemistry, bioengineering, biomimetics, bioinspired materials science, biomineralization, marine waste processing, fishery and mariculture to research marine biomaterials as examples of renewable natural sources which stood the test of time through evolutionary development of corresponding organisms
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