Progress in cardiorespiratory fitness and motor coordination skills in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with easy fatigue and physical inactivity due to the side effects of guanfacine extended-release

Abstract

IntroductionGuanfacine extended-release (GXR), a medication administered to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), demonstrates side effects, including hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, and somnolence. Children with ADHD with easy fatigue and physical inactivity caused by these side effects have been reported in clinical practice. ADHD medications improve motor function in the short term. Herein, we report the progress in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and motor function of children with ADHD with easy fatigue and physical inactivity after GXR treatment. Case presentationA 7-year-old patient with ADHD began to demonstrate marked fatigue and physical inactivity after taking GXR. His treatment was then combined with physical therapy which was continued once a month for approximately one year and included a treadmill exercise test (10-minute walk with a multistep load protocol of 3.0–8.0 km/h) and instruction in motor coordination skills, including home exercises. The GXR dose was increased approximately every 9–10 months, considering the weight and increasing problems at home. Motor coordination skills improved immediately after the increased GXR dose, and the CRF progressed well as the effect of medication subsided. Discussion/ConclusionFatigue and physical inactivity should be considered in exercise therapy in combination with GXR administration. Thus, combined exercise therapy and medication that considers CRF and skill acquisition status may be effective for children with ADHD.