Abstract
The ability to control the exhibited plastic deformation behavior of cellular materials under certain loading conditions can be harnessed to design more reliable and structurally efficient damage-tolerant materials for crashworthiness and protective equipment applications. In this work, a mathematically-based design approach is proposed to program the deformation behavior of cellular materials with minimal surface-based topologies and ductile constituent material by employing the concept of functional grading to control the local relative density of unit cells. To demonstrate the applicability of this design tactic, two examples are presented. Rhombic, and double arrow deformation profiles were programmed as the desired deformation patterns. Grayscale images were used to map the relative density distribution of the cellular material. 316L stainless steel metallic samples were fabricated using the powder bed fusion additive manufacturing technique. Results of compressive tests showed that the designed materials followed the desired programmed deformation behavior. Results of mechanical testing also showed that samples with programmed deformation exhibited higher plateau stress and toughness values as compared to their uniform counterparts while no effect on Young’s modulus was observed. Plateau stress values increased by 8.6% and 13.4% and toughness values increased by 5.6% and 11.2% for the graded-rhombic and graded-arrow patterns, respectively. Results of numerical simulations predicted the exact deformation behavior that was programmed in the samples and that were obtained experimentally.
Highlights
IntroductionThe pressurized piping systems of steam generators are designed to leak-before-break (LBB) such that under accidental overpressure, the system will leak first, at an acceptable and detectable level, which can help operators take early action and prevent undesired catastrophic rupture [2,3]
Inspired by the previous examples, this paper presents a design approach for architected cellular materials with programmable deformation mechanisms under mechanical loading
It should be noted that this approach is suitable for ductile materials that exhibit large plastic deformation behavior before frac‐
Summary
The pressurized piping systems of steam generators are designed to leak-before-break (LBB) such that under accidental overpressure, the system will leak first, at an acceptable and detectable level, which can help operators take early action and prevent undesired catastrophic rupture [2,3]. Another example can be found in structural engineering design where control joints, which are grooves introduced at certain locations to create weakening points, are added in concrete to regulate crack propagation, such that crack growth is guided to locations of minimal impact on the overall structure [4]
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