Prognostic implications of evaluation of contractile reserve in akinetic and hypokinetic segments during low dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Background: Previous studies have reported the prognostic value of myocardial viability (MV) detected using low-dose dobutamine echocardiography (DbE). However, viability was frequently evaluated as improvement in regional wall motion score index, which includes increased function in hypokinetic segments, in which viable myocardium is necessarily present. It is not known whether an evaluation focusing on akinetic segments, in which the possible presence of viable myocardium is unknown, might have more prognostic value. The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of the improvement of myocardial function during dobutamine infusion in akinetic and hypokinetic regions in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: 191 patients with uncomplicated AMI and at least one akinetic segment were retrospectively selected from those consecutively examined at our echo-laboratory to evaluate MV using DbE. Myocardial viability was evaluated both as an increment in RWMSI (ΔRWMSI), which takes into consideration improvement in both akinetic and hypokinetic regions, and as an improvement of function in akinetic (Δ akinetic) and hypokinetic (Δ hypokinetic), segments considered separately. Follow-up evaluation was performed at 30±13 months. Results: On the basis of the ΔRWMSI, 94/191 patients were judged to have myocardial viability, whereas considering myocardial viability in akinetic segments only, 72/191 patients showed viability. At follow-up 18 patients had died (six viable considering ΔRWMSI; three viable considering Δ akinetic). The presence of a previous AMI, the site of AMI, RWMSI and the number of akinetic segments, and ΔRWMSI and Δ akinetic were related to mortality at univariate Cox analysis. At multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis Δ akinetic, but not Δ hypokinetic proved to be significantly related to mortality. The Kaplan–Meier survival curves were no different in patients with or without viable myocardium evaluated as ΔRWMSI, while they were significantly different considering patients with or without viability in akinetic segments ( P=0.04). Conclusion: In conclusion our study confirms the prognostic importance of the evaluation of myocardial viability in infarcted patients. However, it points out that it is the presence of viability in akinetic segments that affects long-term survival in these patients. This supports the hypothesis that other mechanisms, above and beyond the effect on regional wall motion, are involved in the beneficial effects of myocardial viability.