Profile of infective endocarditis at a tertiary care center in Brazil during a seven-year period: prognostic factors and in-hospital outcome

Abstract

Objectives To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory profile of infective endocarditis (IE) at a Brazilian tertiary care center, and to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality. Methods Data from 62 patients who fulfilled the modified Duke's criteria for IE during a seven-year period were gathered prospectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify predictive factors for death. Results The mean age of patients was 45 years, and 39 patients (63%) were male. The median time from admission to diagnosis was 15 days. Rheumatic heart disease was the predominant underlying heart condition (39%), followed by valvular prosthesis (31%). Neurological complications were observed in 12 patients (19%). Echocardiography demonstrated one or more vegetations in 84% of cases. The infective agent was identified in 65% of cases, and the most frequent causative agents were staphylococci (48%), followed by streptococci (20%). The median duration of hospitalization was 39 days. Surgery was performed during the acute phase of the IE in 53% of cases. The overall in-hospital mortality was 31%. On multivariate analysis, vegetation length >13 mm remained the only independent predictor of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio 1.05 per millimeter, 95% confidence interval 1.003–1.110, p = 0.038). Conclusions IE remains a severe disease affecting the young population in Brazil, and rheumatic heart disease continues to be the most common underlying heart condition. Large vegetation size, assessed early in the course of IE by transesophageal echocardiography, along with the clinical and microbiological features, may predict in-hospital death.