Profile of HIV Patients on Second Line Antiretroviral Therapy: The Indian Experience

Abstract

Background: The proportion of patients on second line in resource limited settings are estimated between 1-5%. The present study describes the profile and outcomes of Indian patients receiving second line ART. Methods: Information on HIV patients on second line ART was gathered. Socio demographic data, probable transmission route, baseline clinical parameters and comorbidities during therapy are studied along with first-line ART regimen initially introduced, its adherence and the reason for switch and components of the second-line ART regimen. Results: Out of the total 2174 HIV patients 53% were on first line ART and of these 51 patients on second line ART were studied. The average time of initiation of first line ART was 17.67 months with median of 2 months whereas switch to second line ART was in 53.75 months with median of 60 months. Almost 71% of the patients on second line ART had been diagnosed with HIV infection with low CD4 count of <200. However 54%, 67% and 58% patients show more than 50% rise in their CD4 count post switch to second line after 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment which is a substantial improvement. Twenty-five per cent of patients showed non adherence. Tenofovir based regimens had a slight advantage with lesser number of side effects being reported. Conclusion: Early diagnoses of infection, early initiation of ART and drug adherence are the cornerstones for success in managing HIV patients. Understanding the profile and drug resistance pattern is necessary for ensuring effective and long term survival.