Abstract
Abstract The inclusion of the civil service in a collection of essays on the German professions raises certain definitional problems at the outset, because one may question whether civil servants meet the classic criteria for a profession. It is true that the German civil service was historically one of the first occupations to adopt many of the standards of organization and conduct that have since come to be associated with professional status; these include rigorous educational prerequisites, a system of training and public certification, a clear career structure, and a strong ethical code embodying an explicit concept of honor in public service, together with a certain distance from market relations.
Published Version
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