Abstract
The article presents the results of a five-year study of the yield of the Melba apple variety on dwarf, semi-dwarf and medium-sized rootstocks selected by the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking (SKFNCSVV). The aim of the research is to study the influence of rootstocks of different growth strengths on the productivity potential of the Melba apple variety in the natural and climatic conditions of the Astrakhan region. The research revealed the influence of the rootstock genotype on the main productivity indicators: perishability, yield, frequency of fruiting, stability of productivity, marketable qualities of fruits. The early fruitfulness of the variety was most affected by the dwarf subspecies SK 3, SK 7 and semi-dwarf SK 2, on which 60–100% of the trees bloomed in the first year of growth in the garden. Among the studied combinations, the highest rates of crop growth in the Melba variety were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 and semi-dwarf SK 2, in combination with which the variety was characterized by maximum values of average (19.4–16.3 t/ha) and total yield (97.2–81.6 t/ha), with the values of these indicators on the control variants 16.0–10.6 t/ha and 80.2–53.1 t/ha respectively. Low indicators of the periodicity index were noted on the dwarf rootstock SK 3 (15.6) and semi-dwarf rootstock: control M 26 (23.0), SK 2 (20.0), SK 5 (27.5), high index of productivity stability (0.75–0.86) – on rootstocks SK 3, SK 2 and SK 5. In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields.
Highlights
На сегодняшний день отечественное садоводство, английской селекции серии М, на которых в основном несмотря на имеющиеся возможности, не в состоянии заложены насаждения яблони на юге России
In the arid conditions of the Astrakhan region, the zoned variety Melba is recommended to be grown in an intensive garden on rootstocks SK 3 and SK 2, which ensure regular and stable yields
ABOUT THE AUTHORS: Ivanenko Elizaveta Nikolaevna, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Leading Researcher of the Department of Fruit and Berry Crops Menshutina Tatyana Vladimirovna, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Head of the Department of Fruit and Berry Crops Kostenko Marina Gennadyevna, Junior Researcher of the Department of Fruit and Berry Crops
Summary
В статье приведены результаты пятилетнего изучения урожайности сорта яблони Мелба на карликовых, полукарликовых и среднерослых подвоях селекции Северо-Кавказского федерального научного центра садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия (СКФНЦСВВ). Цель исследований — изучение влияния подвоев различной силы роста на потенциал продуктивности сорта яблони Мелба в природно-климатических условиях Астраханской области. Среди изучаемых комбинаций самые высокие темпы наращивания урожая у сорта Мелба отмечены на карликовом подвое СК 3 и полукарликовом СК 2, в комбинации с которыми сорт характеризовался максимальными значениями средней (19,4– 16,3 т/га) и суммарной урожайности (97,2–81,6 т/га), при значениях этих показателей на контрольных вариантах 16,0–10,6 т/га и 80,2–53,1 т/га соответственно. Низкие показатели индекса периодичности отмечены на карликовом подвое СК 3 (15,6) и полукарликовых: контроле М 26 (23,0), СК 2 (20,0), СК 5 (27,5), высокий индекс устойчивости продуктивности (0,75–0,86) — на подвоях СК 3, СК 2 и СК 5. В засушливых условиях Астраханской области районированный сорт Мелба рекомендуется выращивать в интенсивном саду на подвоях СК 3 и СК 2, которые обеспечивают получение регулярных и стабильных урожаев.
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