PRODUCTIVITY OF HETEROGENEOUS COM HYBRIDS DEPENDING ON FERTILIZERS

Abstract

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers N90P90K90 and N120P120K120 on the productivity of corn. We studied the formation of green mass yield of corn in the following groups of maturity: medium-early hybrid Svityaz FAO 250, medium-ripe Aquazor FAO 320 and late-ripe Hetera FAO 420. During the growing season, corn plants were exposed to adverse weather conditions. The best weather conditions were observed in 2018 (SCC 1.34) and the worst were in 2016-2017 (SCC 0.64-0.81). Such weather conditions affected the growth processes of the crop in height, the indicators of which differed over the years and had the form of a sinusoidal depending on the phase of growth and development. In the ejection phase, the height of maize plants in the hybrid Svityaz FAO 250 was 197 cm, Aquazor FAO 320 - 199 cm and Hetera FAO 420 - 203 cm, which in the phase of wax grain ripeness increased to 262 cm, 263 and 276 cm, respectively, against N120P120K120. One of the indicators that characterize the green mass yield is the height of plants and the percentage of cobs and stems in the structure of biomass. According to our data, the largest share of cobs was on the variants without fertilizers, which was 40.6-43.1 and 37.3-42.1% on the maximum background of fertilizers. In this case, the cobs by weight were the heaviest and reached 197.0-216.7 g per plant using mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120P120K120. The increase in the yield of green mass of corn in the phase of wax ripeness by 1.29-1.58 times compared to N90P90K90 and N120P120K120 - 1.33-1.48 times, compared with harvesting in the phase of ejection of panicles. The highest yield of dry matter of corn was found by applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N120P120K120, which was in the hybrid Svityaz FAO 250 - 22.46 t / ha, in hybrids Aquazor FAO 320 and Hetera FAO 420 - 25.13 and 28.03 t / ha, respectively. High digestibility of green mass of corn from the phase of ejection of panicles to milk ripeness, where the content of feed units in 1 kg of dry matter increases from 0.93 to 1.04.