Productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties in the irrigated zone of the Republic of Dagestan when using biological products

Abstract

In the conditions of the Terek-Sulak lowland of the Republic of Dagestan, we studied the effect of biological products on productivity and grain quality of winter bread wheat varieties developed by the National Grain Center namedafter P.P. Lukyanenko and the North Caucasus Federal Scientific Agrarian Center in 2019–2022. An analytical review of the references indicates that the use of new varieties and biostimulants are important factors in improving productivity of grain crops, which ensure the profitability of their use at low costs. The trials were carried out on 5 winter bread wheat varieties with different application schemes of the organomineral complex ‘Biostim zernovoy’ in accordance with the B. A. Dospekhov’s field trial methodology. Weather conditions during the years of the trial were generally favorable. The spring-summer development of plants took place with slight differences in heat supply, with HTC fluctuations from 0.37 to 0.58. The purpose of the current study is to identify the adaptive potential of winter bread wheat plants and to establish the most optimal scheme for the use of biological products to increase the potential productivity of varieties. As a result of three years of study, there has been found that the productivity of crops depends not only on the variety, but also on the methods of using the biostimulant and their combinations. The maximum productivity has been provided by the variety ‘Karolina 5’ (6.44 t/ha), which was 0.87 t/ha larger than the control. The combination of pre-sowing seed soaking with potassium humate ‘Sufler’ and treatment of wheat crops with the biostimulant ‘Biostim zernovoy’ provided productivity increase on average for all varieties of 0.63 t/ha, and the largest for the variety ‘Karolina with 0.71 t/ha. Calculations of environmental adaptability parameters showed that the varieties ‘Karolina 5’ and ‘Alekseich’ are the most adapted ones to specific soil and climatic conditions and the level of technology used and, in this regard, can be used for zonation of winter wheat in the irrigated zone of the Republic.