Productividad de híbridos varietales de maíz de grano amarillo para valles altos de México.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of non-conventional intervarietal maize hybrids with yellow endosperm grain with respect to their parental varieties. At the National Institute for Forestry, Agricultural and livestock Research (INIFAP) and the Faculty of Superior Studios Cuautitlan, of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (FESC-UNAM), early maize varieties of yellow grain were generated. In the year 2010, combinations with two single crosses were carried out. In 2012, 15 genotypes were evaluated in three uniform experiments, with three repetitions. Two trials were planted in the FESC-UNAM, and the other one in the Experimental Station of Valley of Mexico. The combined analysis detected differences highly significant to the variable performance in genotypes, environments and the interaction genotype x environment. The best non-conventional combination of single cross x variety, CS156 x V 54 A (6,796 kg/ha), yielded 38% more than V-54 A (4918 kg/ha) and the second best combination (CS156 x V 55), yielded 6,204 kg / ha, which was superior by 17.3% compared to its progenitor variety V-55 A (5,288 kg/ha). The grain yield was increased by crossing the improved varieties with the single crosses. This represents an alternative to offer genotypes with greater productive capacity while maintaining its same maturity and with ease for the supply of maize seed for the farmers.