Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of row spacing and planting density, under different water regimes, on dry grain production of the maize hybrid AG -1051, in Teresina, Piauí. Two experiments were conducted with the use of a conventional sprinkler system for irrigation, being one with 100% and the other with 50% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement. A randomized block experimental design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme, combining five planting densities (PD) (20,000; 40,000; 60,000; 80,000; and 100,000 plants ha-1) and two spacings between rows (RS) (0.5 and 1.0 m), with four replications. The weight of 100 grains, cob percentage, grain yield, and water use efficiency were evaluated. The increment of planting density caused a linear decrease in the 100-grain weight and increment of the cob percentage in relation to the total ear weight. Under full irrigation regime, the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 72,000 plants ha-1 provided maximum yield of 7.2 Mg ha-1. Under water deficit condition, the maximum yield of 4.8 Mg ha-1 was reached in the combination of the 0.5 m row spacing and planting density of 67,000 plants ha-1..The total water depth of 419 mm provided maximum WUE of 1.70 kg m-3. The total water depth of 268 mm caused a reduction in WUE with maximum point of 1.54 kg m-3.
Highlights
Resumo - O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os espaçamentos entre linhas de cultivo e densidade de semeadura sob diferentes regimes hídricos na produção de grãos secos do híbrido de milho AG -1051, em Teresina, Piauí
According to data provided by the USDA (2020), Brazil presents yield below the global average (5.86 Mg ha-1) and half the average yield of the United States (11.07.Mg ha-1), which are benefited by the weather conditions
For the Middle-North Region of Brazil, there is still little information concerning the specification of a proper plant arrangement for the commercial maize hybrid AG-1051, with different irrigation depths, especially under water deficit conditions
Summary
Resumo - O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os espaçamentos entre linhas de cultivo e densidade de semeadura sob diferentes regimes hídricos na produção de grãos secos do híbrido de milho AG -1051, em Teresina, Piauí. Em regime com irrigação plena, a combinação entre o EEL 0,5 e a DP de 72.000 plantas ha proporcionaram produtividade máxima de 7,2 Mg ha-1. Em condição de déficit a produtividade máxima de 4,8 Mg ha-1 foi atingida na combinação do EEL de 0,5 m e DP de 67.000 plantas ha-1. Palavras-chave: Zea mays L., densidade de plantas, espaçamento entre fileiras, déficit hídrico. Water deficit impacts the water relations of the plant, reducing growth, development, and productivity of the crop (Sales et al, 2016). Ben et al (2016) assessed the effect of different irrigation depths and plant densities on maize crop, in the municipality of Alegrete, state of Rio Grande do Sul, which presented higher grain yield of 15.25 t ha-1 at a density of 130 thousand plants ha-1, with irrigation depth of 100% of ETc For the Middle-North Region of Brazil, there is still little information concerning the specification of a proper plant arrangement for the commercial maize hybrid AG-1051, with different irrigation depths, especially under water deficit conditions. Ben et al (2016) assessed the effect of different irrigation depths and plant densities on maize crop, in the municipality of Alegrete, state of Rio Grande do Sul, which presented higher grain yield of 15.25 t ha-1 at a density of 130 thousand plants ha-1, with irrigation depth of 100% of ETc
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