Production use of breeding stock of meat breeds of cattle (review)

Abstract

Purpose: make a comparative assessment of indicators of reproduction and productive longevity of cows of meat breeds.Materials and methods. The goal set in the study was studied using special scientific literature on the analyzed problem, the annual work on the tribal work in meat cattle breeding in the farms of the Russian Federation for 2021 (VNIILO), and periodicals.Results. The most common meat breeds on the territory of the Russian Federation – Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Kalmyk and Kazakh white–headed - are characterized by significant differences in production use. Thus, representatives of the Aberdeen Angus breed differ from the listed breeds at an earlier age at the first insemination, and the most late-maturing ones were individuals of the Kalmyk breed (differences of 7 months). At the same time, cows of these breeds, unlike Hereford and Kazakh white-headed cows, were used in herds for a longer time (on average for 2.2-2.8 calving). According to the output of calves from 100 Kalmyk cows, only 71 heads were obtained, which is significantly lower than from the breeding stock of Hereford, Aberdeen Angus and Kazakh white–headed breeds - on average by 9-14 heads. Analysis of the yield of calves per 100 cows in the context of the most common breeds of beef cattle, low values of the indicator are observed in individuals of the Kalmyk breed, at the same time they are much higher in the types available in the breed – 77-91 heads. Of all the studied breeds and types of beef cattle of the Russian Federation, only individuals of the Aberdeen Angus breed, the Andrianovsky and Dmitrievsky types of the Hereford breed, the Zavolzhsky type of the Kazakh white–headed breed exceeded in both indicators - the age of retirement and the yield of calves per 100 cows – the average values for all meat breeds and types of the country.