Abstract
The article provides an overview of phytopreparations technology based on essential oils, in particular: criteria for the selection of components, qualitative and quantitative compositions analyzes, parameters of the technological cycle of production of drugs, problems of standardization and quality control of stages of the production of original drugs. A number of standard samples based on terpenoids for phased quality control of the production of medicinal products are described, which are included in the European, Kazakhstan and Japanese pharmacopeias. The main countries producing essential oils and their components, as well as manufacturers of phytopreparations based on them are indicated. The modern technologies for the production of essential oils from plant materials are reviewed, namely: microwave and ultrasonic extractions, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and micro-steam distillation with solid phase microextraction. The dosage forms of preparations based on essential oils (tablets, ointments, gels, oil solutions, suppositories, sprays, aerosols, nanocapsules), their relationship with bioavailability and therapeutic effect are discussed. Promising dosage forms that ensure dosage accuracy for the targeted action of drugs based on essential oils have been identified.
Highlights
In modern conditions, the problem of developing and standardizing drugs based on plant materials is becoming more and more urgent, while essential oil plants occupy a special place
The technologies for the isolation of essential oils are very diverse, pharmacopoeial methods are usually used for their production: steam distillation, extraction
Candles are produced as follows: comminuted propolis is poured with 96% alcohol for 3‒5 days, propolis is mixed with Paker-21 Palmae oil and Rican DMG type P (B) emulsifier melted in a water bath, alcohol is distilled off, the mixture is diluted with Paker-21 Palmae oil, the mixture is brought to a temperature of 35‒36 °C and essential oils of plants, Makleaya herb extract and microcarpous ethanolic, Hippophae oil and betulinol are injected, after which the whole volume is mixed with the injected components and filled in forms using a dispenser
Summary
The problem of developing and standardizing drugs based on plant materials is becoming more and more urgent, while essential oil plants occupy a special place. It must be recognized that due to the heterogeneity and multicomponent composition of essential oils, the issues of standardization of phytopreparations based on them to this day, in most cases, remain open This problem can be solved only when using in the analysis of medicinal plant materials, substances and drugs containing essential oils, standard samples of a terpenoid nature, i.e. the main class of active substances that make up both the feedstock and the finished drug. The development of chromatographic separation methods and spectral characteristics of organic substances, including mass spectrometry, made it possible to isolate and determine the structure of natural compounds of essential oils [4]. The issue of organizing the production of standard samples of terpenoids, which is still poorly developed, remains relevant, due to the complexity of the isolation technology and the instability of essential oils and their components
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