Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterize the probiotic qualities and siderophore production of Enterococcus and Bacillus isolates for possible application for iron nutrition in human and animals strains were selectively isolated from different dairy sources and infant faecal matter. Isolates SB10, JC13 and IFM22 were found to produce maximum siderophore ranging from 65–90% at an optimum pH 7, incubation period of 96 h, agitation speed of 150 rpm and inoculum volume of 15%. SB10 and JC13 were found to show high homology with Enterococcus spp. and IFM22 with Bacillus spp., using partial 16S rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. All the three isolates produced hydroxymate type of siderophores under iron stressed conditions and screened for probiotic characters as per WHO guidelines. Strains have shown excellent tolerance to acid, bile salt, sodium chloride and phenol. They were non-haemolytic in nature and exhibited high hydrophobicity and autoaggregation. Our isolates proved to be potent probiotic strains due to their survival under highly acidic conditions and higher tolerance to bile salt. In addition, its colonization efficiency was proved by exhibiting high autoaggregation and hydrophobicity.
Highlights
Probiotics are defined as ―live microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts, confer beneficial health effects on the host‖ by a group of experts convened by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1,2]
Its colonization efficiency was proved by exhibiting high autoaggregation and hydrophobicity
Isolate SB10 and JC13 appeared white circular smooth surfaced whereas RM9, IFM22, 24 and 25 appeared yellowish roughed surfaced with irregular margins
Summary
Probiotics are defined as ―live microorganisms when administered in adequate amounts, confer beneficial health effects on the host‖ by a group of experts convened by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1,2]. Various groups of microbes have been chosen for probiotic action including many species of genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium which were originally isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract These genera are the most copious and well established in probiotic containing food products but species of Enterococcus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Brevibacillus, etc have been recommended for probiotic effects [2,7]. Enterococcal probiotics are usually not incorporated as starter cultures or co-cultures in foods, but are rather utilized as ―food supplements‖ in the form of pharmaceutical preparations [4] These bacteria are ingested in high numbers to achieve functional or probiotic effects especially for treatment of diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, diarrhea or antibiotic associated diarrhea, lowering cholesterol levels or immune regulation [8]. The present study was to characterize the probiotic qualities of Enterococcus and Bacillus isolates and to study their siderophore production prior to its possible application for iron nutrition in human and animals
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