Production of uniform and well-confined beams by nonlinear optics

Abstract

Particle beams with uniform and well-confined intensity distributions are desirable for medical treatment, food irradiation, and ion implantation, and are essential in high-intensity accelerator systems to prevent target damage and optimize target efficiency. One method for beam redistribution employs nonlinear beamline elements of odd multipolarity, such as octupoles and duodecapoles. The method is not limited to the production of uniform beam distributions. Techniques for producing uniform and well-confined beam distributions are reviewed. Beam redistribution is explained and the degree of uniformity and confinement achievable under various conditions is discussed. A method for tuning the size of the irradiation area is given. An unconventional combined-function magnet is presented. The effect of beam jitter on distributions is considered. Applications of the method are given.