Abstract
After the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, a large part of the lands of the Polissya Zone became contaminated with radionuclides, which were withdrawn from land use according to current regulations, thus we have analyzed the current state of the branches of flax and hemp growing in Ukraine. Chernobyl accident has led to radioactive contamination of large areas of agricultural land, and therefore more and more attention is paid to the work of scientists aimed at reducing radioactive contamination. The possibility of growing bast crops under different levels of radioactive contamination is substantiated, the elements of technology of cultivation and primary and deep processing of flax and hemp are considered, which allow to significantly reduce radioactive cesium 137Cs input into crop production and its content in various types of products of processing of these crops.Specific countermeasures are proposed to achieve this goal, namely: in the cultivation of flax and hemp, to introduce phosphorus-potassium fertilizers that reduce the intake of radionuclides into products grown under different levels of radioactive contamination, flax sowing should be carried out in conjunction with sparsely shrubby grasses, using for this purpose seed rate of 15–20 kg of grass seeds. When aging stalks to the straw, to rotate the strips, which reduces the accumulation of radionuclides by reducing the mass of dusty impurities and avoiding direct contact of primary processing products with soil. It is recommended to rinse the flax or hemp straw in a water stream on a squeezing-washing machine before processing on the scutching-and-breaking machine
Highlights
In accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, lands on mineral soils contaminated with radionuclides over 15 Ci/sq. km and lands on organic soils with a level of pollution over 5 Ci/sq. km are withdrawn from land use
The specific activity of fiber flax seeds grown at high levels of radionuclide contamination of soils was 137Cs of 510 Bq/kg, which allows to use them for sowing purposes, as well as to process them into oil
20.5 Ci/sq. km found that the content of this radionuclide in straw and fiber flax seeds was in the range of 100–510 Bq/kg, which does not exceed the allowable levels for agricultural products [6; 7]
Summary
In accordance with the legislation of Ukraine, lands on mineral soils contaminated with radionuclides over 15 Ci/sq. km and lands on organic soils with a level of pollution over 5 Ci/sq. km are withdrawn from land use. Studies show that radionuclide-contaminated soils can be used to grow industrial crops that accumulate minimal radionuclides and are not grown for food Such crops are linseed flax, fiber flax, hemp and other textile crops. We used the materials of our research on the co-sowing of fiber flax with sparsely shrubby grasses in order to create a grass cover of the rettery in conditions of radioactive contamination To achieve this aim, the following tasks were solved: to determine quantitative indicators characterizing the accumulation of 137Cs in stems, seeds and flaxseed oil while is processing; to determine the influence of artificially created retteries and rotation of strips on the yield and quality of flax products. The specific activity of 137Cs in samples with lower weight and volume was determined at the Swedish Agricultural University (city Uppsala) on a gamma spectrometric system equipped with a Gedetector (ORTEC, PδT) and a multichannel analyzer (ORTEC Adcam)
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