Abstract
Influenza vaccines have long been manufactured in embryonated chicken eggs. This method has some problems such as a long production period (about 6 months) and use of large amounts of infectious pathogens. Recently, the production of recombinant subunit vaccines using the baculovirus–insect cell system has been extensively investigated. In this system, viral immunodominant components can be produced more rapidly and in a larger scale than in the conventional egg-based process. However, continuous production is virtually impossible because infection of recombinant baculovirus results in the death of host insect cells. In the present study, we established stably transformed insect cells that secreted influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of hemagglutinin (HA), the major protective antigen of influenza A virus, and matrix protein 1 (M1), another structural protein of the virus. Hemagglutination assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) suggested that HA produced by recombinant insect cells kept the hemagglutination activity and the morphology of the VLPs was similar to that of wild type influenza virus particles.
Highlights
Influenza is the infectious disease that annually causes approximately 500 million patients and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide
Sucrose density-gradient sedimentation analysis (Figure 4) and transmission electron microscopy of culture supernatant (Figure 7) suggest that secreted HA and matrix protein 1 (M1) molecules were produced in a particulate form
We investigated the production of influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) in recombinant insect cells
Summary
Influenza is the infectious disease that annually causes approximately 500 million patients and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. Influenza viruses are classified into types A, B, C, etc. The influenza A and B viruses routinely spread in people. Influenza A virus is classified into subtypes like H1N1 and H7N9 according to the difference of two glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Seasonal influenza is prevalent annually, and the epidemic strain defers from year to year. The vaccine against seasonal influenza should be reconstituted every year. Pandemic influenza occurs by a new influenza A virus at intervals of decades and rapidly spreads worldwide, causing great damage to society. A pandemic influenza virus significantly differs from current and recently circulating human seasonal influenza A viruses. To confront the threat of pandemic influenza, it is necessary to develop the vaccine that contains novel components of the new virus in a short period. The manufacture of influenza vaccine requires rapidity and flexibility
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