Abstract
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3) was recently identified in the genomes of humans and other hominids but not in other mammals. We examined the production of HCA3 ligands by Bifidobacterium spp. In addition to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, phenyllactic acid (PLA), and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), we found that LeuA was produced by Bifidobacterium as an HCA3 ligand. The four ligands produced were the mixtures of enantiomers, and D-ILA, D-PLA, and D-LeuA showed stronger activity of the HCA3 ligand than their respective L-isomers. However, there was no difference in AhR activity between the two ILA enantiomers. These results provide new insights into the HCA3 ligands produced by Bifidobacterium and suggest the importance of investigating the absolute stereo structures of these metabolites.
Highlights
Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan; Abstract: Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3 ) was recently identified in the genomes of humans and other hominids but not in other mammals
Bifidobacterium species that are naturally present in the human gut have been categorized as human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB), whereas other species, which are the natural inhabitants of animals or the environment, are nonHRB [10,11,12]
BP-02621-culture supernatants (CSs); relatively weak HCA3 ligand activity was observed in the fractions of DSM10140T -CS and trace HCA3 activity was detected in the fractions of control MRS
Summary
Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Zama 252-8583, Japan; Abstract: Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 3 (HCA3 ) was recently identified in the genomes of humans and other hominids but not in other mammals. In addition to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, phenyllactic acid (PLA), and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), we found that LeuA was produced by Bifidobacterium as an HCA3 ligand. There was no difference in AhR activity between the two ILA enantiomers These results provide new insights into the HCA3 ligands produced by Bifidobacterium and suggest the importance of investigating the absolute stereo structures of these metabolites. Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCA1 , HCA2 , and HCA3 ) play important roles in maintaining energy and immune homeostasis [1]. Aryllactic acids (Aryl-LAs), such as 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (4-OH-PLA), phenyllactic acid (PLA), and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA), which are produced by Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have been reported as the ligands of HCA3 but not HCA2 [3,9]. It has been reported that the ILA produced by HRB is effective in improving necrotizing enterocolitis through its anti-inflammatory microorganisms9112397
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