Production of Gibberellic Acid by Aspergillus Niger: A Review

Abstract

Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant hormone found naturally in plants and fungi. It is a white to pale-yellow solid with the chemical formula C19H22O6. Although plants naturally produce GA3, it is often produced commercially from fungi for agricultural use. The production of GA3 through fermentation methods, including submerged fermentation (SmF) and semi-solid-state fermentation (SSSF), is explored, with a focus on optimizing production and reducing costs. Additionally, the review delves into the factors influencing GA3 production, both physical and chemical parameters. It emphasizes the use of agro-industrial residues as cost-effective sources for GA3 production, promoting environmentally friendly recycling and reducing the environmental impact. Quantification methods for GA3, are discussed, highlighting the challenges and benefits associated with each method. Furthermore, the applications of GA3 in horticulture, agriculture, and the food industry are outlined, demonstrating its diverse range of effects on various plants and crops.