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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases associated with thrombosis are one of the main causes of death all around the world. Urokinase, streptokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator are the major thrombolytic agents used to treat thrombosis. However, the fact that these agents have several side effects and high prices has driven the search for safer and more economically viable compounds for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of fungi isolated from industrial effluents to produce fibrino(geno)lytic enzymes. The selection of the protease-producing strains showed that only the BF20 strain was able to produce proteolytic halos in milk agar. This strain identified as belonging to the genus Penicillium was cultivated in submerged fermentation. Different media composition were tested to evaluate proteolytic activity, and the results showed that the medium containing 0.1% yeast extract and 1% skim milk, pH 5.0, present higher azocaseinolytic activity (0.24 U mL-1 min.-1). This sample also showed the ability to degrade fibrinogen and fibrin after 15 and 120 min. of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that the BF20 strain has a thrombolytic potential, effectively degrading fibrinogen and fibrin, having great application in the health area.
Highlights
Since fibrinolytic enzymes are promising in the treatment of disorders associated with thrombosis, the objective of this work was to evaluate the ability of fungal strains isolated from soil contaminated with poultry slaughterhouse effluent to produce proteases with fibrinolytic activity and fibrinolytic activity
The results showed that the isolates BF22 and BF24 did not present any proteolytic activity, since no degradation halos were observed after 7 days of incubation
The BF-20 belongs to Penicillium genus and has great capacity to produce proteolytic enzymes able to degrade fibrin and fibrinogen, presenting biotechnological potential for future applications in the health area
Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the worldwide (Mathers & Loncar, 2006). The mortality rate caused by vascular disorders such as myocardial infarction, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism has significantly increased in recent years (Simkhada, Cho, Mander, Choi, & Yoo, 2012; Mahajan, Nayak, & Lele, 2012). Enzymatic therapies are becoming an alternative to surgeries in clinical practice (Sun et al, 2016), and thrombolytic agents are employed to dissolve non-hydrolyzed clots (Kunamneni, Abdelghani, & Ellaiah, 2007). Dissolution of thrombi is called fibrinolysis, which occurs by the action of an enzyme called plasmin. The plasminogen, the inactive form of plasmin, is activated by compounds called plasminogen activators. Thrombotic diseases can occur when fibrin is not hydrolyzed due to different hemostatic disorders (Holden, Lavigne, & Cameron, 1990)
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