Abstract
In this study, the economic feasibility of producing ethanol from gasification followed by syngas fermentation via commercially available technologies was theoretically evaluated using a set of selected livestock and agricultural and forest residuals ranging from low valued feedstocks (i.e., wood, wheat straw, wheat straws blended with dewatered swine manure, and corn stover) to high valued oilseed rape meal. A preliminary cost analysis of an integrated commercial system was made for two cases, a regional scale 50 million gallon (189,271 m3) per year facility (MGY) and a co-op scale 1–2 MGY facility. The estimates for the minimum ethanol selling prices (MESP) depend heavily on the facility size and feedstock costs. For the 1–2 MGY (3785–7571 m3/y) facility, the MESP ranged from $5.61–$7.39 per gallon ($1.48–$1.95 per liter) for the four low-value feedstocks. These high costs suggest that the co-op scale even for the low-value feedstocks may not be economically sustainable. However, the MESP for the 50 MGY facility were significantly lower and comparable to gasoline prices ($2.24–$2.96 per gallon or $0.59–$0.78 per liter) for these low-value feedstocks, clearly showing the benefits of scale-up on construction costs and MESP.
Highlights
Sustainable agricultural biomass feedstock can be used to produce biofuel, bioenergy, biochemicals, and bioproducts via a variety of conversion pathways
This study considered forest resources, crop residues, swine manure mixed with wheat straw, and oilseed rape (OSR) meal, to produce liquid biofuel for two cases from small to large commercial systems
This study considered five raw feedstocks and/or mixtures to the syngas unit: wood chips, two crop residues, a blend of wheat straw and swine manure, and OSR
Summary
Sustainable agricultural biomass feedstock can be used to produce biofuel, bioenergy, biochemicals, and bioproducts via a variety of conversion pathways. Important sources of biomass feedstock for bioenergy identified by the 2016 Billion-Ton-Study and its update [1] include forest resources, energy crops, crop residues, and animal manures. Viable local conversion facilities to produce liquid biofuels would offer potential income to farmers. The development of such facilities is especially important since crop residues are one of the largest sustainable sources of feedstock in the United States. Further potential agricultural residual feedstocks are cover crops such as vetch, clover, and rye. These cover crops grown during fallow periods between
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