Abstract
Tar as side product of biomass gasification could potentially degrade internal combustion engine performance if syngas is used for the fuel. Tar reduction may be achievable with recycling of outlet producer gas back into the gasifier. This research studied the effects of recycle system to tar content in syngas as product of palm shell gasification in a fixed bed gasifier. The effects of recycling system were examined using gasification of palm shell with primary air at 3.30 Nm3/h, mixture of primary air at 1.80 Nm3/h and secondary air at 1.50 Nm3/h, and mixture of primary air and recycled gas. Volumetric rate of recycle gas were varied at 0.90 and 1.20 Nm3/h respectively. Gasification performance evaluation was based on Specific Gasification Rate. Syngas quality was rated with tar content, CO, CH4, H2, CO2, and N2 composition. The highest Specific Gasification Rate of 111.71 kg/m2h and tar reduction up to 61.95% were achieved using recycle system at volumetric rate of 0.90 Nm3/h with temperature of operation is 750°C. The highest heating value of 6.34 MJ/Nm3 was attained using recycled gas volumetric rate at 1.20 Nm3/h.
Highlights
The declining of fossil fuel availability and unstable price encourage utilization of any renewable energy resources
It is obvious that the biomass from plantation wastes needs more effort for its utilization as energy source compared with biomass from production process as it needs additional harvesting and transportation
Gasification with only primary air as gasifying agent (Run K-1) showed the lowest temperature profile at 651oC in average which indicated that the reaction did not occur perfectly
Summary
The declining of fossil fuel availability and unstable price encourage utilization of any renewable energy resources. It is obvious that the biomass from plantation wastes needs more effort for its utilization as energy source compared with biomass from production process as it needs additional harvesting and transportation Both cultivated palm plantation and crude palm oil industry in Indonesia are growing rapidly. Besides producing the oil, processing fresh fruit bunch (FFB) generates palm shells, fibers, and empty fruit bunches as solid residues Those have potential energy when are managed and converted appropriately. Mesocarp fibers (MF) and palm shells (PS) are the significant energy sources for generating process steam and electricity. These are energy sources of interest to power stations rather than the others which are possible generate 120 kWh/ton of FFB.
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