Abstract
The main objective of this study was to obtain chitin in pure form from a new crustacean waste material for industrial applications. Black tiger shrimp shell wastes are a rich source of protein and valuable bioactive carbohydrate polymers such as chitin. After removal of carotenoid, Black tiger shrimp shell wastes (BTSHWs) were treated with chemicals and protease enzyme to extract chitin. Box–Behnken response surface methodology was applied to optimize the deproteinization process to obtain chitin. At optimal pH (8.82), temperature (50.05 °C), agitation speed (100.98 rpm), enzyme substrate ratio of 1:8 (wv−1) and 72 h of incubation with Paenibacillus woosongensis TKB2 crude protease cocktail, 80 % deproteinization was found along with 77.28 % recovery of chitin. The valuable oligopeptides were determined by MALDI-TOF analysis and analysis of adequate amount of free amino acids in protein hydrolysate from BTSHW, indicating a high nutritional value used for food, feed or as a nitrogen source in growth medium for microorganisms. The chitin obtained was compared with the commercial chitin using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and 13C CP/MAS-NMR. Chitin obtained from crude protease treatment showed comparable physicochemical and structural properties to those of the commercial chitin. The carotenoid obtained after treatment can be used for medicinal purpose.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-014-0245-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Chitin, one of the most abundant renewable biopolymers on earth, is a linear chain molecule composed of several hundred units of (1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucan
The valuable oligopeptides were determined by MALDITOF analysis and analysis of adequate amount of free amino acids in protein hydrolysate from Black tiger shrimp shell wastes (BTSHWs), indicating a high nutritional value used for food, feed or as a nitrogen source in growth medium for microorganisms
The chitin obtained was compared with the commercial chitin using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction and 13C CP/
Summary
One of the most abundant renewable biopolymers on earth, is a linear chain molecule composed of several hundred units of (1-4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-glucan. Among the natural chitinous resources, fishery wastes especially shrimp and crab shells have the highest content followed by the exoskeleton of arthropods and the fungal cell walls. Except that some are processed to make cheap feeds on shrimp and crab shell powder, most wastes are discarded at will (Wang et al 1997). In consideration of the amount of chitin produced annually all over the world, it is the most copious renewable natural resource after cellulosic substrate (Rinaudo 2006). Chemical (Abdou et al 2008; Chandumpai et al 2004), enzymatic (Valdez-Pena et al 2010; Nakagawa et al 2011) and microbiological methods (Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al 2011; Jung et al 2007) have been applied to prepare chitin from shrimp shell powders (SSPs). The use of these chemicals can seriously pollute the ecological environment, produce
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