Abstract
Inorganic aluminum salts as one of coagulation and flocculation reagent have been generally used for removing the impurities in water and waste water technology. In last a few years, was found that aluminium compounds have been reported as disease carrier for human being. In general, dyes wastewaters with concentrations in the range of 10 - 200 mg/L will be appearing at highly coloured. There are many reports which are mention about the toxic effects of dyes and metals in the form of carcinogenic, genetic effects. Furthermore, direct release of dyes wastewater into the environment is not encouraged due to the high values of un-degradable and degradable organics substances. In this study a bioflocculant was produced from palm oil mill effluent (POME) isolated and found as Chryseomonas luteola. The experiments conduct at optimized culture conditions (at temperature 50oC, duration 1 day), a flocculating activity of 96.15% was demonstrated using kaolin suspension. The result was also showed to be better for flocculation of a kaolin suspension over pH (5-7) and cations (Ca2+) will enhance the flocculating activity. The bioflocculant can be used for treating dye wastewater, and the maximal removal efficiency of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 38.22% and 33.25%, respectively at pH 7.0 with dosage of culture broth bacteria about 0.2 mL. Besides that, the reduction of turbidity and removal of COD of dye wastewater were conducted using aluminium sulphate (alum). A maximum reduction of turbidity was 97.51% while the removal of COD was 99.64%, were observed with a concentration of 600 mg/L at pH 4.0.
Highlights
Flocculants have been widely used in wastewater treatment, food and fermentation industries, drinking-water treatment, and industrial downstream processing (Wu & Ye, 2007)
The identification using the API 20NE kit classified this strain as Chryseomonas luteola with a 99.6% probability
A bioflocculant-producing bacterium was isolated from palm oil mill effluent (POME) and identified as Chryseomonas luteola
Summary
Flocculants have been widely used in wastewater treatment, food and fermentation industries, drinking-water treatment, and industrial downstream processing (Wu & Ye, 2007). The chemical structures of dyes vary enormously, and some have complicated compounds of aromatic structures which are difficult to degrade in nature and conventional wastewater treatment processes because of their stability to sunlight, oxidizing agents, and microorganisms (Chu, 2001). The removal of dyes from industrial wastewater effluent is a major concern in the textile industry, with the increase in stringent legislation. Dye wastewater usually content many types of contaminants, including acids, bases, dissolved organic and inorganic materials, toxic compounds, and colour. Direct discharge of POME into the environment is not allowed due to the high concentrations of un-degradable and degradable organic (COD and BOD). With the introduction of effluent discharge standards imposed by the Department of Environment in Malaysia, POME has to be treated before being released into the environment (MDC, 2006). The isolation of a microorganism producing a new biopolymer flocculant from POME was accomplished and characteristics of the biopolymer flocculant in terms of flocculating activity were investigated and the flocculation properties of this polymer was studied for further application
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