Abstract
A research on production of biodiesel from lipid of phytoplankton Porphyridium cruentum through ultrasonic method has been done. In this research, we carried out a series of phytoplankton cultures to determine the optimum time of growth and biodiesel synthesis process from phytoplankton lipids. Process of biodiesel synthesis consists of two steps, that is, isolation of phytoplankton lipids and biodiesel synthesis from those lipids. Oil isolation process was carried out by ultrasonic extraction method using ethanol 96%, while biodiesel synthesis was carried out by transesterification reaction using methanol and KOH catalyst under sonication. Weight of biodiesel yield per biomass Porphyridium cruentum is 40,27%. Characterization of biodiesel was well carried out in terms of physical properties which are density and viscosity and chemical properties which are FFA content, saponification value, and iodine value. These values meet the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D6751) standard levels, except for the density value which was 0.9461 g·cm−3 and the FFA content which was 4.6671%.
Highlights
That energy crisis is attacking the world today is a problem that must be resolved and addressed
The materials used in this research work include phytoplankton cultures derived from Porphyridium cruentum, which is obtained from Bioinorganic Chemistry Laboratory Hasanuddin University, ocean water from coastal area of Makassar sterilized and distilled water, sodium borax, FeCl2⋅6H2O, MnCl2⋅4H2O, H3BO3, Na2EDTA, NaH2PO4⋅2H2O, NaNO3, ZnCl2, CoCl2⋅6H2O, CuSO4⋅ 5H2O, (NH4)6Mo7O24⋅4H2O, vitamin B12, vitamin B1, KIO3, H2SO4, potassium iodide, methanol pa, potassium hydroxide, HCl, Na2S2O3⋅5H2O, anhydrous Na2SO4, oxalic acid, phenolphthalein indicator, indicator methyl orange, 96% ethanol, iodine (I2), starch, filter paper, label paper, and aluminum foil
The result of kinematic viscosity that was obtained in this research work was 3.47 cSt where the value that included the standard value of kinematic viscosity range which is recommended in ASTM D6751 is equal to 1.60 to 5.80 cSt
Summary
That energy crisis is attacking the world today is a problem that must be resolved and addressed. The continuous exploitation of the fossil fuels which are nonrenewable energy resulted in dwindling existence. This will have an impact on the scarcity of fossil fuels, thereby increasing the price of fuel oil (BBM) world. This situation has made most of the countries in the world (one of them is Indonesia) seek sources of alternative fuel that can be developed from other basic materials that are renewable and environmentally friendly [1]. To meet the level of oil consumption and encourage the development and utilization of renewable alternative energy, biofuels 1 (biofuels) such as biodiesel can be used [2]. Indonesia has the chance of being the biofuels producing country as we know that Indonesia has the immense of the natural capital, especially the environmental water
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