Abstract
This study aimed to establish an in vitro propagation method for the large-scale cultivation of Turbinicarpus valdezianus and to examine the content of bioactive compounds, as well as the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of cladodes regenerated in vitro. The ideal combination for multiple shoot production from the bottom, middle and top regions of the cladode explants was 2 μM KN with 1 μM IBA. The explant obtained from the middle part of the cladode produced a higher number of shoots (10.9) than the bottom (7.2) and top (6.8) regions. The highest ex vitro rooting percentage (96.1%) was observed on vermiculite moistened with MS basal salts solution containing 1.0 μM IBA. A total of nine major lipophilic metabolites were simultaneously determined in the cladode tissues of T. valdezianus by LC-MRM-MS. Seven fatty acids were identified in the cladode tissues of T. valdezianus by GC-FID and GC–MS. The most abundant lipophilic metabolite and fatty acid in the cladode tissues were α-tocopherol (31.51 μg g−1 FW) and linoleic acid (43.29%), respectively. The methanolic cladode extract of T. valdezianus exhibited strong antioxidant and antitumor activity. This in vitro organ culture method is an alternative method to obtain various bioactive compounds from rare and slow growing T. valdezianus.
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