Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels. The experiment was set out in a randomized block design with a strip-split plot arrangement, and three replicates. Sowing methods (18 days before soybean harvest and six days after soybean harvest) were allocated in the main plots, and the combination among forage species (Avena strigosa cv. IAPAR 61 + Lolium multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Vicia villosa; A. strigosa cv. Comum + L. multiflorum + Raphanus sativus; and L. multiflorum) and nitrogen levels (0, 140, 280 and 420 kg ha-1) in the plots and subplots, respectively. Forage sowing before the soybean harvest made it possible to anticipate first grazing by 14 days, with satisfactory establishment of forage species without affecting forage production. This method permitted a longer grazing period, preventing the need for soil disking, besides allowing the use of no-tillage system. The mixture of forage species enables higher forage yield for pasture in relation to single species pastures, with response to nitrogen fertilization up to 360 kg ha-1.
Highlights
The crop‐livestock system is a suitable alternative to maintain crop yield and increase animal production
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect on forage yield of sowing winter forage species before and after the soybean harvest, at different nitrogen application levels
Seedling density of black oat and radish differed between sowing systems, with higher values for sowing after the soybean harvest, which shows a greater need for bedseed for those species
Summary
The crop‐livestock system is a suitable alternative to maintain crop yield and increase animal production. One way for solving this problem is the use of a no‐tillage planter, most of the farmers do not have these machines Another way is the sowing of winter forages before the soybean harvest or before the complete senescence of its leaves, that would cover the seeds and promote germination. Were found in the literature about this procedure, especially when using mixtures of forage species Another important factor to be considered in subtropical regions is the forage deficit from April to the middle of July, a period known as ‘’fall feed gap’’. During this period, the summer species reduce their quality and yield due to lower temperatures and shorter photoperiods. Early winter annual species sowing before the summer crop harvest in order to reduce the length this period of forage lack can be an interesting alternative (Palhares, 2005)
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