Production of activated carbon from sludge and herb residue of traditional Chinese medicine industry and its application for methylene blue removal

Abstract

Sludge-based activated carbon (SAC) was prepared with sewage sludge and Chinese medicine herbal residues (CMHR’s). An orthogonal experimental design method was used to determine the optimum preparation conditions. The effects of the impregnation ratio, activation temperature, activation time, and addition ratio of CMHR’s on the iodine value and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of activated carbon were studied. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the prepared SAC. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for preparing the SAC were as follows: an impregnation ratio of 1:4, an activation time of 30 min, an activation temperature of 700 °C, and an addition ratio of CMHR’s of 40%. The adsorption balance of the methylene blue dye was examined at room temperature. Adsorption isotherms were obtained by fitting the data using the Langmuir and Freundlich models, which showed that methylene blue adsorption was most suitable for the Langmuir equation. The results demonstrated that SAC prepared from SS and CMHR’s from a Chinese medicine factory could effectively expel dyes from wastewater.