Abstract
In this study, the adsorbent of Crystal Violet (CV) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes was synthesized from the hybridization of Spirulina sp. algae biomass with silica as a matrix (ASS). Hybridization of Spirulina sp. algae biomass was carried out through a sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate precursors. The ASS adsorbent was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area method and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive-X ray. The CV and MB dyes adsorption onto ASS adsorbent was studied through adsorption experiments using the batch method. The optimum adsorption of CV and MB dyes is at pH of 8 and contact time of 60 min. The CV and MB dye kinetics on the ASS adsorbent tend to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetics model with rate constant (k2) of 0.3 and 0.2 (g mg− 1 min− 1) respectively. The isotherm adsorption pattern of CV and MB dyes follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with KF values of 1.07 and 1.05 (mg g− 1) (L mg− 1)1/n, respectively. In the simultaneous adsorption process, CV dyes were more adsorbed than MB in solution to the ASS adsorbent.
Highlights
Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) are dyes that are widely used as coloring agents in various industrial fields such as the textile, paper, leather, and pharmaceutical industries
Spirulina sp. algae biomass is shown at absorption band of 3387 cm− 1 which indicates that the group (−OH) overlaps with N-H
The absorption shows the presence of a group (−OH) derived from polysaccharides or groups (N-H) of proteins contained in the biomass of Spirulina sp. algae
Summary
Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) are dyes that are widely used as coloring agents in various industrial fields such as the textile, paper, leather, and pharmaceutical industries. After the dye enters the wastewater, the mixture becomes more stable and more difficult to decompose due to the complex chemical structure formed [2]. MB (C16H18N3SCl) is a cationic dye of aromatic hydrocarbon compound Both are two types of cationic dyes which are stable to light and heat and difficult to decompose due to complex structures [5, 6]. Both have many benefits in different uses, CV and MB dyes are mutagenic and toxic [7,8,9,10]. It is necessary to reduce the concentration of these dyes in industrial waste, especially in the treatment of waste before the spread to the environment occurs
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