Abstract
Marine actinobacteria-produced fucoidanases have received considerable attention as one of the major research topics in recent years, particularly for the medical exploitation of fucoidans and their degradation products. The present study describes the optimization and production of a novel fucoidanase for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its biological applications. The production of fucoidanase was optimized using Streptomyces sp. The medium components were selected in accordance with the Plackett-Burman design and were further optimized via response surface methodology. The fucoidanase was statistically optimized with the most significant factors, namely wheat bran 3.3441 g/L, kelp powder 0.7041 g/L, and NaCl 0.8807 g/L, respectively. The biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were determined by UV-vis spectroscopy and were further characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and the inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 350 µg/mL at 24 h and 250 µg/mL at 48 h. Therefore, the production of novel fucoidanase for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles has comparatively rapid, less expensive and wide application to anticancer therapy in modern medicine.
Highlights
Marine actinobacteria-produced fucoidanases have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because there are many advantages in the medical exploitation of the fucoidans and their degradation products [1]
The isolate was identified as Streptomyces sp., and the 16S rDNA sequence of actinobacterium Streptomyces was deposited in NCBI (Accession No KC179795)
Fucoidanase activity was measured by the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) technique [34] to estimate the release of reducing sugars using the following reaction: a mixture consisting of 0.9 mL substrate solution (1% (w/v) fucoidan from F. vesiculosus dissolved with 0.1 M citric acid-sodium citric buffer, pH 6.0) and 0.1 mL enzyme solution was incubated at 50 °C for 10 min, using inactivated enzyme solution as blank CK
Summary
Marine actinobacteria-produced fucoidanases have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because there are many advantages in the medical exploitation of the fucoidans and their degradation products [1]. Gold nanoparticles have gained attention as one of the major emerging areas of research in recent years because of their unique and intense plasmon resonance in the visible range and their application in biomedical sciences [17]. Streptomyces sp., are well known for their unique ability to produce a wide variety of novel secondary metabolites, such as antibiotics, immunosuppressors, and many other biologically active compounds [20,21,22]. The present study involves the optimization and production of a novel fucoidanase for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Streptomyces sp., and their biomedical applications. To the best of our knowledge, this marine actinobacterium Streptomyces sp. has never been used previously for the production of a novel fucoidanase for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles and its cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells
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