Production and consumption of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in a diatom-dominated intertidal sediment

Abstract

Intertidal sediments usually contain a high amount of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and therefore represent environments with a potentially high emission of dimethylsulfide (DMS). However, knowledge on production and release of DMSP in intertidal sediments is limited. Here, we present data on the diel variation of the total DMS and DMSP content (DMS(P)total) and the DMS(P) concentration in the porewater (DMS(P)porewater) in an intertidal sediment covered by diatoms. Measurements were made at low tide during the day and during the night. Both DMS(P)total and DMS(P)porewater were constant and did not respond to the changing conditions of light and oxygen in the sediment, indicating that production and consumption processes were in equilibrium. Incuba- tion of diatoms under light/oxic, dark/oxic and dark/anoxic conditions suggested that no large amounts of DMSP were excreted under the different conditions applied. DMS(P)porewater was around 100 nM, which was about 3 orders of magnitude lower than DMS(P)total. Only after the onset of a heavy rainfall DMS(P)porewater in the sediment suddenly increased above 1 µM, which was explained by excretion of DMSP by DMSP-containing microorganisms in response to the osmotic shock. Both DMSP and DMS were rapidly degraded in sediment slurries, especially under oxic conditions, and degradation closely followed first order kinetics. We conclude that although intertidal sediments con- tain high total amounts of DMSP, a relatively low amount of DMSP is released by the microphyto- benthos under naturally fluctuating light and oxygen conditions, and once released, DMSP and DMS are rapidly degraded in the upper oxygenated sediment. This explains the low flux of DMS from intertidal sediments to the atmosphere reported in the literature.