Abstract

The current four stage heading process was investigated for the purpose of sequence design. The design goal is to obtain an appropriate reduced process sequence without tensile cracking, workpiece buckling, and overloading of the tools, and with complete filling in the finishing operation. The buckling was checked using the buckling formula of tangent modulus for a compressed circular rod. The possibility of surface cracks in the final product was avoided by using the criterion for simple compression of a circular cylinder, assuming that the deformation mechanics of the cylindrical central section is the same as those of compression of a circular, solid cylinder between parallel, flat dies. Based on the results of some preliminary simulations and the loading simulations of the current four-stage process, several design strategies were developed and a two-stage process was suggested. The two-stage process was designed using forward loading and backward tracing simulations for obtaining complete filling in the finishing operation. Also die loads were confirmed to be within those of the current four-stage solution.

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