Abstract
A discussion is given of the types of windows used on the 20 MW klystrons which serve as sources of radio-frequency power for the high-energy linear electron accelerator at Stanford University. Both ceramic disk windows and ceramic cone windows have been used for this purpose, and several methods of mounting the window in the output waveguide of the tube have been tried. The choice of both physical and electrical characteristics of the windows are dictated by considerations of size, power level, irradiation by electrons and X-rays, vacuum requirements and the like. The single most important requirement of these windows is that they should have long life, since window life is now the major factor in life of the tubes. Results are presented on average life of the windows over the period of the last few years. The causes of failure are not completely understood at the present time, but a discussion is given of the typical kinds of failure and the factors which influence window life. The goal of window research at Stanford is to increase the reliable operation life of windows from the present value of approximately 1900 h to perhaps 5000 h.
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