Problems of sleep, depression, quality of life in adolescents with TMD diagnosis

Abstract

Aim: To verify the relationship between temporal-mandibular dysfunction (TMD) with depression, sleep, sleepiness and quality of life in adolescents aged 13 to 18 years old. Methods: Thirty-eight adolescents being seen at the UFAL Dental Clinic (Federal University of Alagoas), for TMD, and qualifying according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC / TMD), participated in the study. Two instruments were used to investigate sleep quality: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) for quality-of-life assessment; and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) for depression assessment. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for the relationship of numerical variables. For the means tests, the Student t test was applied (using, when necessary, the Welch correction). For the analyses, the Bonferroni correction was considered. Results: After calculation, αBonferroni correction was applied equal to 0,0005. Of the total number of participants (56% female and 44% male), with a mean age of 14.7). In all comparisons between groups (with and without TMD), there were statistically significant indices for adolescents with TMD in relation to: depression (p=5.6∙10-11), quality of life (p=4.3∙10-12), sleep quality (p=5.0∙10-10), and somnolence (p=0.0002). From the correlation matrix, it was observed that all correlations were significantly positive and moderate. Conclusions: Adolescents with a diagnosis of TMD presented an increase of depression and somnolence, as well as impairment of sleep quality and quality of life, and these same variables can influence on the onset of TMD.