Problem-Oriented Learning, Problem-Based Learning, Problem-Based Synthesis, Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning, Peer-Led Team Learning, Model-Eliciting Activities, and Project-Based Learning: What Is Best for You?

Abstract

The educational contributions of David Himmelblau and Gary Powers are extended by describing a broad spectrum of learning environments that start with a problem. Many of these are characterized in the literature as being simply problem-based learning (PBL) or claiming to be similar to PBL (for example, process oriented guided inquiry learning, model-eliciting activities, project-based synthesis). In this paper, the different outcomes from the learning environment and the degree to which students are empowered with the learning process are criteria used to help identify the subtle differences of the options in 33 learning environments. Elaborations and examples are given for 23 of these. Options for assessment are cited. Brief suggestions are given about how to select an effective learning environment with which you are comfortable.