Abstract
Probiotics administration in aquafeed is known to increase feed consumption and absorption due to their capacity to release a wide range of digestive enzymes and nutrients which can participate in digestion process and feed utilization, along with the absorption of diet components led to an increase in host's health and well-being. Furthermore, probiotics improve gut maturation, prevention of intestinal disorders, predigestion of antinutrient factors found in the feed ingredients, gut microbiota, disease resistance against pathogens and metabolism. The beneficial immune effects of probiotics are well established in finfish. However, in comparison, similar studies are less abundant in the shellfish. In this review, the discussions will mainly focus on studies reported the last 2years. In recent studies, native probiotic bacteria were isolated and fed back to their hosts. Although beneficial effects were demonstrated, some studies showed adverse effects when treated with a high concentration. This adverse effect may be due to the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by the replenished commensal probiotics. Probiotics revealed greatest effect on the shrimp digestive system particularly in the larval and early post-larval stages, and stimulate the production of endogenous enzymes in shrimp and contribute with improved the enzyme activities in the gut, as well as disease resistance.
Highlights
For many years, antibiotics and chemotherapeutics were supplemented in animals’ diets at subtherapeutic levels, to promote benefits by enhancing growth rate, reducing mortality and improving reproductive performance
In order to avoid overlaps with previous review papers, the current review aimed to present an updated overview of recently published data, mainly from 2018 and 2019, on health benefits of LAB and Bacillus probiotics, on their effect on growth performance, modulation of the gut microbiota, the immune system and disease resistance in finfish and shellfish
Wang et al (2019) revealed that dietary in combination of Lb. pentosus, Lactobacillus fermentum, B. subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae significantly improved growth performance and survival rate of Pacific white shrimp, but no significant difference was revealed in carcass composition
Summary
Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics were supplemented in animals’ diets at subtherapeutic levels, to promote benefits by enhancing growth rate, reducing mortality and improving reproductive performance. Probiotics/fermented milk has a very long history as Genesis 18:8 stated, New Living Translation; ‘When the food was ready, Abraham took some yogurt and milk and the roasted meat, and he served it to the men. As they ate, Abraham waited on them in the shade of the trees’. The modern history of probiotics started more than a century ago, as the Russian Nobel prizewinner, Elie Metchnikoff, performed the observation that the regular consumption of some In order to avoid overlaps with previous review papers, the current review aimed to present an updated overview of recently published data, mainly from 2018 and 2019, on health benefits of LAB and Bacillus probiotics, on their effect on growth performance, modulation of the gut microbiota, the immune system and disease resistance in finfish and shellfish
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