Abstract
Literature has recently highlighted the enormous scientific interest on the relationship between the gut microbiota and colon cancer, and how the use of some selected probiotics can have a future impact on the adverse events which occur during this disease. Although there is no clear evidence to claim that probiotics are effective in people with cancer, recent reviews have found that probiotics can significantly reduce the incidence of diarrhea and the average frequency of daily bowel movements. However, most of this evidence needs to be more clinically convincing and further discussed. Undoubtedly, some probiotics, when properly dosed and administered, can have a strong rebalance effect on the gut microbiota and as a consequence a possible positive action on immune modulation of the gastrointestinal tract and on inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Many recent findings indeed support the hypothesis that the daily use of some selected probiotics can be a feasible approach to effectively protect patients against the risk of some severe consequences due to radiation therapy or chemotherapy. This paper aims to review the most recent articles in order to consider a possible adjuvant approach for the use of certain well-balanced probiotics to help prevent colon cancer and the adverse effects caused by related therapies.
Highlights
An ever-increasing literature demonstrates that the microbiota can have a strong influence on colon cancer (CC) prevention and on the healing process during an intestinal inflammation
The gut microbiota associated with CC reveals a dynamic and complex microbial interaction, which is under strong consideration by scientists who want to study the mechanisms related to the development of CC
Gamallat et al [29] demonstrated that a specific strain of L. rhamnosus as a prophylactic measure could reduce the incidence and multiplicity of colon tumors by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting inflammation, while Ciorba et al [30] evidenced the activity of specific Lactobacilli in enhancing the intestinal epithelial barrier function in a Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/cyclo-oxygenase-2-dependent manner
Summary
An ever-increasing literature demonstrates that the microbiota can have a strong influence on colon cancer (CC) prevention and on the healing process during an intestinal inflammation. It is widely demonstrated that epigenetic changes and gene regulations can occur during the development of colon cancer (CC) Along with factors such as diet, lifestyle, genetics, and oncogenic infection, specific microorganisms or the variability of the microbiome, have been recently associated with this tumor. The gut microbiota associated with CC reveals a dynamic and complex microbial interaction, which is under strong consideration by scientists who want to study the mechanisms related to the development of CC. During this multifactorial carcinogenic process, a gradual alteration of microbiota, along with their microenvironment which causes dysbiosis and increases potential oncopathogenic microbes, can mediate the modulation of cancer (Figure 1). Rsterceecnetnlyt kavnaoiwlalbeldegeevaidnedncfuetsutraertpinegrsfproemctivanesimcoanl scteurdniinesg ttohehupmotaenntciaolnudsietioofnssp, eacsifwicepllroabsiothtiecsuisneCoCf .pRroebceionttilcysafvoariltahbeleperevvideennticoenstoarrttihnegrafrpoymoafnCimC,aal sntdudthiees rteolahteudmaadnvceorsnedeitvioenntss,,aws iwll eblel aalssothaedudsreesosfedp.robiotics for the prevention or therapy of CC, and the related adverse events, will be addressed
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