Abstract
SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Enterococcus strains isolated from traditional naturally fermented cream in China. Four E nterococcus isolates showed high cholesterol removal ability in media were identified as E nterococcus durans (KLDS 6.0930 and 6.0933) and E nterococcus faecalis (KLDS 6.0934 and 6.0935) by 16S rRNA and pheS gene sequences, respectively, and selected for further evaluation. In order to assess the probiotic potential and safety of these strains, the property of four E nterococcus strains were examined, including acid and bile tolerance, adherence to Caco‐2 cells and antibiotics susceptibility. All four strains showed potential cholesterol assimilation, de‐conjugation of bile salts and/or cholesterol degradation to remove cholesterol in vitro. In addition, the potential effect of E. durans KLDS 6.0930 on serum cholesterol levels was evaluated in Sprague‐Dawley rats. After 4 weeks administration, compared with rats fed a high‐cholesterol diet without lactic acid bacteria supplementation, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the serum of rats treated with KLDS 6.0930. Furthermore, total bile acid level in the feces was significantly (P < 0.05) increased after KLDS 6.0930 administration. These observations suggested that the strain E. durans KLDS 6.0930 may be used in the future as a good candidate for lowering human serum cholesterol levels.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low and middle-income countries (WHO, 2011)
The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthase alpha chain gene sequences were created. These results showed that the KLDS 6.0930 and KLDS 6.0933 isolates were identified by 16S rRNA and pheS gene sequences as Enterococcus durans, while the KLDS 6.0934 and KLDS 6.0935 isolates were Enterococcus faecalis
Four Enterococcus strains isolated from Jiaoke were screened on the basis of the cholesterol removal ability in media, and identified as E. durans (KLDS 6.0930 and 6.0933) and E. faecalis (KLDS 6.0934 and 6.0935) by 16S rRNA and pheS gene sequences respectively
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, and over 80% of CVD deaths take place in low and middle-income countries (WHO, 2011). The main probiotics are lactic acid bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Enterococcus, which are inherent members in the gastrointestinal tract of human and animals. These probiotic bacteria are predominant organisms in the traditional fermented dairy products, such as Jiaoke, which is a homemade naturally fermented cream in Inner Mongolia of China (Guo et al, 2011). Various strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium have been suggested to lower cholesterol levels in vitro or in vivo by different mechanisms (Huang et al, 2010; 2014; Jeun et al, 2010; Ooi and Liong, 2010; Ahire et al, 2012; Bordoni et al, 2013; Ebel et al, 2014; Gorenjak et al, 2014; Kim et al, 2014). More limited and sporadic data concerning cholesterol-lowering activity by Enterococcus strains are available (Agerbaek et al, 1995; Agerholm-Larsen et al, 2000; Rossi et al, 2000; Hlivak et al, 2005), in cholesterol-lowering mechanisms
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