Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate how beverages containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (BLS) and soy isoflavone consumption since adolescence affected the incidence of breast cancer. In a population-based case-control study, three hundred and six cases with breast cancer and 662 controls aged 40 to 55 were matched for age and residential area and included in the analyses. Diet, lifestyle and other breast cancer risk factors were investigated using the self-administered questionnaire and interview. Odds ratios (ORs) of BLS and soy isoflavone consumption for breast cancer incidence were independently and jointly estimated using a conditional logistic regression. The ORs of BLS consumption (≥ four times a week against < four times a week) was 0.65 and statistically significant (p = 0.048). The analysis of association between soy consumption and breast cancer incidence showed the more the isoflavone consumption is, the lower the odds of breast cancer becomes. Adjusted ORs for breast cancer in the second, the third and the fourth quartiles of soy consumption against the first quartile were 0.76, 0.53 and 0.48, respectively (trend test, p = 0.0002). The BLS-isoflavone interaction was not statistically significant; however, a biological interaction was suggested. Regular consumption of BLS and isoflavones since adolescence was inversely associated with the incidence of breast cancer in Japanese women.
Highlights
The breast cancer incidence in Japan had been lower compared to the Western countries; rapid increase of the incidence was observed in the past 10 to 15 years as in other Asian countries [1]
We evaluated the role of probiotic beverages in breast cancer prevention in Japanese women with implication of soy isoflavone consumption in a population-based case-control study
Once a case was included in the study, controls matched to the case for age and residential area were randomly selected from the pool of candidate controls and invited to participate
Summary
The breast cancer incidence in Japan had been lower compared to the Western countries; rapid increase of the incidence was observed in the past 10 to 15 years as in other Asian countries [1]. The number of new breast cancer cases in Japanese women surpassed that of stomach cancer to become the most frequent of all cancers in 1994. An estimated 45700 women were newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 2003 (an estimated 36500 with stomach cancer) [2]. One of the likely causes of the rapid increase in Japan is the increased estrogen exposure [3], one of the important breast cancer risk factors, which is due to delayed first delivery and decreased number of child births. Changes in the traditional Japanese lifestyle and increase of obesity are possible contributing factors [4]
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