Abstract
We study the complementarity of the proposed multi-TeV muon colliders and the near-future gravitational wave (GW) detectors to the first order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT), taking the real scalar extended Standard Model as the representative model. A detailed collider simulation shows the FOEWPT parameter space can be greatly probed via the vector boson fusion production of the singlet, and its subsequent decay to the di-Higgs or di-boson channels. Especially, almost all the parameter space yielding detectable GW signals can be probed by the muon colliders. Therefore, if we could detect stochastic GWs in the future, a muon collider could provide a hopeful crosscheck to identify their origin. On the other hand, there is considerable parameter space that escapes GW detections but is within the reach of the muon colliders. The precision measurements of Higgs couplings could also probe the FOEWPT parameter space efficiently.
Highlights
The electron-positron colliders are very accurate but limited by the relatively low collision energy due to the large synchrotron radiation
We study the complementarity of the proposed multi-TeV muon colliders and the near-future gravitational wave (GW) detectors to the first order electroweak phase transition (FOEWPT), taking the real scalar extended Standard Model as the representative model
We investigate the possibility of probing FOEWPT at a multi-TeV muon collider and the complementarity with the GW experiments, taking the xSM as the benchmark model
Summary
The scalar potential of xSM can be generally written as. which has eight input parameters. One degree of freedom is unphysical due to the shift invariance of the potential under S → S + σ; in addition, the measured Higgs mass Mh = 125.09 GeV and vacuum expectation value (VEV) v = 246 GeV put another two constraints, leaving us only five free physical input parameters. Eq (2.1) can be expanded around the VEV, i.e. Diagonalizing M2s yields the mass eigenstates h1, h2 and the mixing angle θ between them, namely h. Diagonalizing M2s yields the mass eigenstates h1, h2 and the mixing angle θ between them, namely h Such that the mass matrix becomes U †M2sU = diag Mh21, Mh22. Fixing Mh1 = Mh = 125.09 GeV and v = 246 GeV, we can use the following five parameters. The dataset is stored in form of a list of the five input parameters in eq (2.7), and used for the calculation of FOEWPT and GWs in the following subsection
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