Abstract

Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles, converting low frequency light to high frequency light through a multiphoton process, have shown interesting properties for bioimaging. Here, the authors describe a method to deposit a thin layer of upconverting Er3+ doped NaYF4 nanoparticles (15 to 25-nm) on a quasi-zero-average-index crystal over a 2 × 4 mm area to observe light propagation through the structure. Assisted by the photoluminescence of the nanoparticles with upconverting three-photon process, the enhanced field intensity confined in photonic crystals at near infrared wavelength is detected in visible green light under conventional optical microscope. This new technique has distinct advantages over the typical near infrared setups with infrared camera or near-field scanning optical microscope setups.

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